Triple Bottom Line Approach

Green companies save money and help the planet with a triple bottom line approach Conventional wisdom says that organizations must choose between economic prosperity or environmental protection. Many business, however, are discovering that this is an outdated myth and there is no need to choose between one or the other. Energy efficiency projects that reduce utility costs, recycling initiatives that minimize waste disposal fees, and elimination of wasteful practices that consume auteur resources are all win-win scenarios that save money and reduce the impact on the planet at the same time.When these initiatives are carried out in a fair and just manner towards employees or contractors, then a win-win-win scenario is achieved. This approach of increasing profitability and improving the environment, while serving the community well through fair employment practices, is known as the â€Å"triple bottom line† and is the core component for sustainability programs, sometimes referre d to as corporate social responsibility (CARS). The benefits of a triple bottom line approach to business are numerous.Many companies find that looking at their operations â€Å"through a sustainability lens† helps them identify opportunities that they were previously unaware of. Cost savings opportunities are identified that help drive waste out of organizations, reducing their environmental Impact. The benefits go beyond the obvious financial and environmental gains, however. Sustainability programs give companies an opportunity to distinguish themselves from their competitors.Studies show that employees want to work for socially responsible companies, so an effective sustainability program will aid In the recruiting of new hires. Proactively reducing harmful environmental practices can also potentially reduce liability and can keep organizations one step ahead of future regulatory changes that may restrict, or even outright ban, practices that are currently allowed. Future columns will provide many real-world examples of triple bottom line Initiatives that any company can Implement.

Barbara Allan a Typical Ballad Essay

To this day, ballads are still enjoyed by some individual although, many generations ago they were at the very heart of amusement. They were passed on orally, centring interesting subjects such as tragic love. Typically, ballads are fairly simple, they do no tend to focus on characterization, they have a rapid dialogue, they are usually in the form of quatrains, and rhyming in abcb. The poem â€Å"Bonny Barbara Allan† is a typical ballad since it follows the norm by applying four major elements; it is written in quatrains, has an abcb rhyming scheme pattern, rapid dialogues, and a lack of characterization. Throughout the poem, some words’ importance are emphasized by stresses such as in this stanza â€Å"slowly, slowly raise she up† gives us the impression that even as we read, it becomes slower and slower. Furthermore, we can identify easily the tragic love present which is again another typical element of ballads. We can notice this element especially in these two particular quatrain: â€Å"O it’s I’m sick, and very, very sick, And ’tis a’ for Barbara Allan:† â€Å"O the better for me ye’s never be, Tho you heart’s blood were a spilling. (Line 13-16) â€Å"O dinna ye mind, you man,† said she, â€Å"When ye was in the tavern a drinking, That ye made the healths gae round and round, And slighted Barbara Allan?† (Line 17-20) In her stubbornness, Barbara Allan refuses to forgive Sir John Graeme for not  toasting to her health even knowing he was ill. She left him to die without complete peace, she held this grudge against him until he passed away. Despite the grudge she held, her love was genuine and consequently chose to die for John. The action of dying for him is not written word for word although, we are not left guessing her fate, the use of symbolism in particular the â€Å"bed† suggest a funeral. All the elements needed for it to be a typical ballad are present. The format of the stanzas, the rhyming scheme, the attention paid to characterization, and the speed of the dialogues all correspond to the norm.

Interracial Marriage Essay

Interracial marriage is used to describe marriages that take place between people who are from different linguistic, religious, or nations or ethnic groups. There are substantial increases in the number of individuals engaging in interracial. Relationships between people from different ethnic and cultural groups are becoming increasingly common because of globalization and improvement of technology. Internet technology has brought together the world in that people can enter into a relationship with anyone from any countries. In some countries, it is against the law to marry someone of a different race. These countries include Germany during the Nazi period, South Africa under apartheid, and some states in the United States before a 1969 ruling. In some Arab countries, it is forbidden for an Arab to marry outside their race because of the law and traditional customs. If an Arab person marries someone out of their race, their civil rights are taken away from them. In 2008, Pakistani senators allowed women to be buried alive if they married someone outside their race. People Most Attracted to Intercultural Relationships/ Marriages To begin the series on intercultural marriage, beginning with a discussion about who exactly tends to be most attracted to intercultural relationships/marriages in the first place seems like a good place to start. It’s certainly not for everyone, as mixed marriages are full of unique challenges that married people from the same culture may never face. In Romano’s book â€Å"Intercultural Marriage,† she lists 5 common types of people who tend to be involved in intercultural relationships. The first type is the Romantic type: those who see people from other cultures as exotic, fascinating, and thrilling. These people may find people from their own culture boring and predictable, and thrive in the mystique of people from far away and foreign lands. The second type is the Compensator. These people often feel like something is missing from their lives and believe they have found it in another person or culture, as they believe elements from that person/culture fulfills what is missing from their own. Romano notes that this type is found even in couples who marry from their own cultures, who are simply looking for someone to fulfill what they lacked growing up. Rebels are slightly different from the compensators in that they dislike much about their own culture and are intent on finding someone from somewhere else. Sometimes they have a specific target culture in mind; other times they simply take whatever fate brings them. Internationals, the next type of people drawn to intercultural marriage, are those who lived outside their native countries for most of their lives, and are typically children of missionaries, diplomats, military personnel, and so on. These people often do not feel as though they completely belong to one particular culture, as they tend to have been influenced by several cultures and therefore have a wide appreciation and love for differences. The final category is comprised of others. These people may not fit into their society and often are ostracized from it. Finding love in a different culture is a way to find a place to fit in and be accepted. Some of them are not considered to be attractive in their native culture, and have better luck in another culture. Others are part of a minority and find acceptance in another culture. Still others live in poverty and marry as a way to improve their quality of life. Barriers Oftentimes, couples in intercultural marriages face barriers that most married couples of the same culture are not exposed to. Intercultural marriages are often influenced by external factors that can create dissonance and disagreement in relationships. Different cultures endure vastly diverse moral, ethical and value foundations that influence their perceptions of individual, family and societal lifestyle. When these foundations are operating alongside the foundation of different cultural roots, as in intercultural marriages, problems and disagreement oftentimes occur. 1. Family and Society The most common external factors influencing intercultural relationships and marriages are the acceptance of the family and the society in which the couple lives. Sometimes, the families of the partners display rejection, resistance, hostility and lack of acceptance for their kin’s partner. Specific issues regarding the family; including generational gaps in ideology, and how the wedding will be held; which ties into how tradition will or will not be practiced. Many intercultural couples report conflict arising over issues of how to carry out child raising and religious worship as well. 2. Language In a mixed marriage where the partners do not share the same mother tongue, the language in which they decide to communicate at home can be symbolic of the extent to which each partner is prepared to forego his or her cultural background and incorporate new elements. There may also be elements of control and dependence in the choice of language when one partner refuses to learn the other’s language. There is a case-study of a so-called bought bride from Asia. The German husband had no knowledge of her language, while she could speak some English, but no German. Communication in such a relationship proved to be extremely difficult, and all decisions and dealings with the outside world where necessarily undertaken by the German husband. The wife could not find any but the most menial jobs where the necessity of understanding was limited, which further increased her economic dependence on him. 3. Communication Style Intercultural couples may possess differing communication styles. Individuals from a high context culture are not verbally explicit in their communication behaviors. These cultures typically consist of eastern world countries where collectivism and relational harmony underlie communication behavior. By contrast, individuals from a low context culture use direct and obvious communication styles to convey information. In situations where marriage occurs between two people from differing communication contextual backgrounds, conflict may arise from relational challenges posed by the underlying assumptions of high/low context cultures. Challenges posed by differing communication styles are common among intercultural marriage couples. The longer the two individuals have existed in the current culture the less likely this is to pose an issue. If one or more partners within the marriage is relatively new to the dominant culture, the likelihood for conflict to unfold o n these bases increases. Solution/ Suggestions 1. Learn How to Appreciate One of the ways to deal with interracial dating issues is acceptance of partner the way he or she is. Most issues arise when one or both partners want to have their way in everything that they do. It is therefore important to ensure that they appreciate their wife or husband with all his or her cultural practices. Since they come different regions, differences in the way of life are bound to happen. They must desist from criticizing each other based on cultural grounds or race. As a matter of fact they must never stereotype or generalize happenings as this can be the cause of interracial conflicts. If they are willing to love, understand and respect each other’s differences, you’re on the right track. 2. Learn More about the Culture Another thing they need to do in order to solve issues with interracial relationships is to study each other well before engaging. Discuss the symbolism or significance of each other’s important cultural traditions. Understanding the significance of these traditions will help to understand them. This will help them to have a more natural, familiar feeling toward the other’s traditions, accept and embrace the culture of the other. After some time, they will even feel the desire to incorporate culture into their own family traditions. Besides, they need to know what values their partner stands for and to establish whether they can accommodate them. When they understand their partner in advance, it becomes easier for them to solve any interracial dating concerns. One advantage of being married to someone from another country is to get travel from time to time. When they can travel, make sure to visit the spouse’s family and learn abou t their culture firsthand. Furthermore this prepares them for the future thus allowing them to solve situations better. 3. Maintain Contact with Family It is essential that â€Å"foreign† spouse keeps in contact with his or her family, especially as they are probably a long way from each other. With time, he or she will feel of longing for their family, homesickness, and even possible loneliness and depression. It is necessary that he or she can keep contact to his or her family. Today, the Internet and sites like Facebook and Twitter make this type of contact much easier, and your spouse happier. Help your spouse to develop friendships with people from his or her country or families that speak their language somehow so that they will know more people and may feel at home

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 70

History - Essay Example The Athenians were innocent of this (Kagan). As a matter of fact, the Athenians did not join in the battle at Corcyra until their defeat was imminent. The Athenian siege of Potidaea did not cause the war as this was an act of defense against the true aggressor, Corinth. Corinth had been sworn into a binding oath to respect the dominion and rule of the Athenians in Potidaea. By sending military forces to Potidaea, Corinth had broken the treaty. Athens, as a sovereign state, has every legal right and mandate to control the economic issues and aspects of the empire. The treaty that had been signed by both parties did not specify that one party could not issue a decree against the other (Thucydides, Hammond and Rhodes). This means that Athens was within its legal and rightful power to issue the decree against Megara. In conclusion, the Athenians did not in any way cause the war. Certain policies may have played a role in fueling the war, but considering the facts that are specific to this war, the Athenians acted within the law. Their actions served to protect their sovereignty within its

Differentiation in the Oil Marketers in the United Kingdom Essay

Differentiation in the Oil Marketers in the United Kingdom - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  in economics and marketing, it is normally assumed that both product differentiation and value addition plays a significant function in competitive advantages of the product. The goal of any venture particular amongst companies that produce closely related products (substitutes), in theory, must align themselves with added value and product differentiation so as to achieve competitive advantages. Adding value to a product superficial meaning refers to the situation where a product(s) have advantages attached to them while product differentiation refers to the effort by a company to separate (sic) its products from those of close competitors.This discussion highlights that  value addition and product differentiation is awash with varying number of literature items written and studied on them, particularly in business and in economics. It is always important to establish a meaning to a concept before researching or studying such concepts. Often thi s is not followed as most writers work on a topic and later fall folly of a weak comprehension of the concept they are writing about.  A number of factors seemly play important roles during the different stages in the consumption process of a product, and in recent years brands, consumer values, customer satisfaction and service quality have incorporated into the package of value addition.  Product differentiation offers consumers a variety of products within a specific industry instead of a monotonous product that describes purely competitive markets.

Identity in the Indian Ink Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Identity in the Indian Ink - Essay Example The novel teams up with ideas that are fascinating as well as characters that revolve around an English woman who was visiting the subcontinent during the years that were yearning in the British Empire dominance (Davis 33). British and Indian definition of Identity The British people define Indian identity in terms of the behavior and culture the Indians display. For instance, the nude picture is a representation of Indian culture as evidenced by Flora when she says, â€Å"this one is for yourself†¦I’m pleased† (Stoppard 74). The picture is nude to represent Nirad’s tradition as well as a revelation that he had stopped aping the English. However, Nirad meant to please Flora who had always told him to stick up for himself and stop doing everything the English do (Stoppard 43). This causes a cultural clash because Flora wants Nirad to be himself. Nirad wants to impress Flora using his knowledge of English culture and of England. Using oils in painting was Engl ish and not Indian; therefore, Nirad had to make the painting nude in order to be Indian. Thus, the British defined Indian culture based on following Indian roots and keeping away from English culture. Traditionally, Fosters which is a passage to Scotts and India the Raj quarter, the play examines experience in the colonial field by focusing on the relationship between given couples. Throughout the play, Flora’s and Nirad’s relationship changes from being a formal one to being an intimate one. Their relation brings in major points of culture clash and tension too. Identity as displayed by the Characters Identity is given much attention throughout the play, especially as can be traced in different levels but it is clear in the relationship between Flora and Nirad. Stoppard chose an original way of presenting the identity in their relationship because he represents them using the art. In this respect, his idea of â€Å"skill without imagination,† is craftsmanship and offers numerous helpful objects, e.g., wickerwork, picnic, and baskets. Imaginations devoid of skill yield modern art. This is interesting because it reveals his view on the art as well as power of the human imagination, which should interpret and perceive the arts as it was done by the main characters (Kelly 50). The British as well as Indian perceptions during the colonial past are depicted in close parallel with the perceptions of the refashioned post-colonial. The reflection of Stoppard on the Anglo-Indian hybrid identity as well as combined cultures, i.e, Anglo and Indian in nature are traceable in the vastly Anglicized contemporary nature of Anish who opposes Mrs. Swan concerning imperial history topics and articulates the dominance of Indian culture, although he states, â€Å"England is my home now†¦I have spent half my life here" (Stoppard 18). His spouse is an English lady who is a contemporary deconstructive style painter, not like his father. Among the most conf licting viewpoint regarding the Empire’s past start to arise when Anish states, "The first War of Independence" or "The Rising of 1857", which Mrs Swan calls "The Mutiny" ( Stoppard 17). The author offers a similar voice to the two viewpoints as a somewhat heated contest on imperial history follows. An exemplar regarding Mrs Swan’s opinions is, "We were your Romans, you know. ...We might have been your Normans" (Stoppard 17), after which Anish persuasively puts forth his viewpoint.

Programming Paradigms Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Programming Paradigms Comparison - Essay Example C++ supports multiple inheritance of method implementations from more than one superclass at a time. While it seems like a very useful feature, adding it to the language turns out to introduce many complexities. (2006a) The program compiled by a c++ compiler, is platform dependent. This means, a source file in C++ when compiled is converted into obj file, which contains machine codes and function calls for the built-in library functions. After this, the obj file is processed by the c++ linker utility, which patches the code of the library functions in order to resolve the library function calls and convert the obj file into exe file. More specifically this code patching is only for unregistered library functions, which are local to the C++ development environment. But when an external registered dll file is used in the source code, then the function calls in the obj file would not be resolved in the exe file and those function calls would be dynamically resolved at runtime of the executable file. C++ supports templates that allow you, for example, to implement a Stack and then instantiate it as Stack or Stack to produce two separate types: a stack of integers and a stack of floating point values. (2006a) C++ allows you to define operators that perform arbitrary operations on instances of your class. In effect, it allows extending the syntax of the language. This is a nifty feature, called operator overloading, tat makes for very elegant examples. (2006a) C++ has the ability to include preprocessor directive in the beginning of a program. (import file name from the library). Java possess the following characteristics: Java does not have any concept of pointers. The Java Runtime Environment by default reference the objects for the programmer. Java does not allow programmer to manipulate pointers or memory addresses of any kind and imposes certain restrictions in this respect (2006a): It does not allow casting object or arraying references into integers or vice versa. It does not allow you to do pointer arithmetic. It does not allow you to compute the size in bytes of any primitive type or object. Some of the reasons are: Pointers are a source of bugs. Eliminating them simplifies the language and eliminates many potential bugs (2006a). Pointers and pointer arithmetic could be used to sidestep Java's run-time checks and security mechanisms. Removing pointers allows Java to provide the security guarantees that it does (2006a). No Global Variables: In Java, every field and method is declared within a class and forms part of that class. The fields and methods of a

Difficulties faced by young people in their transition to adult life Essay

Difficulties faced by young people in their transition to adult life - Essay Example These changes would only be giving them what other young people take for granted. Even once young people are living 'independently', they still need emotional support. To enable a successful transition to adulthood, these proposals need to address the psychological needs of young people leaving care, i.e. their need for sustained and continuous support from key carers well beyond the age of 18. This report starts with a brief description about the Green Paper, its background, the different proposals made and then it is followed by critical appraisal, evidence base, normative assumptions about care and ends with a summary of the implications The government has given major concern for the independence of young people. It has analyzed if young people will be able to support themselves when they leave care. It has also assumed that financial help will be a major issue for young people and hence has discussed about providing accommodation, support in higher education etc. Children and young people in care cannot receive the same kind of affection and care that normal young people receive. This leads to several difficulties which include lack of mental, financial and educational support. Also as Janet Fink says, care has become a key concern and an expanding research area because of shifting demographic, economic and cultural factors; an ageing population, the growing numbers of women in paid work and a perceived fragmentation of family life Provide ex 3. Proposals The proposals made in the Green Paper are: (Ref: Care Matters: Transforming the Lives of Children and Young People in Care) Pilot giving young people a veto over any decisions about legally leaving care before they turn 18 Pilot allowing care leavers to continue to live with foster families up to the age of 21, to evaluate the support required and the impact on their longer term outcomes Provide extra money for the Child Trust Fund accounts of young people in care. An extra 100 per year for every child who spends the year in care will be provided to help them enter adult life. During the consultation period it will be decided whether this is best administered through HM Revenue and Customs or by local authorities themselves. Introduce a national bursary, requiring local authorities to provide a minimum of 2,000 for all young people in care who go on to higher education: Give young people a choice of vacation accommodation, through allowing more young people to remain with carers or in accommodation in their home authority, or to remain in university accommodation Build on existing good practice targeting young people

The Holocaust in the history is a unique occurence Essay

The Holocaust in the history is a unique occurence - Essay Example Such an event signifies the uniqueness of the holocaust whereby it cannot be compared with other forms of suffering experienced in historical genocide such as those that took place in Cambodia, Rwanda and elsewhere. Since antiquity, the hatred towards the Jews propelled individuals to establish a league of Anti- Semitism that augmented its hatred towards the Jews. Anti- Semitism throughout history has considered factors such as military, culture and economic to justify their hatred towards the Jews. Those who upheld anti- Semitism attributes feared the Jews military advancement whereby they considered it as a threat, while others feared and got angry at Jew’s business orientations since it made them economically self- sustaining1. In addition, majority feared the Jew’s culture since the Jews lived in a large community that could not borrow or assimilate in other people’s culture. In justifying the uniqueness of the holocaust, one should not view the approach as an effort to garner the Jew’s psychological advantage or a sacred prestige because of the suffering they went through. The holocaust will invariably echo in the minds of historian who tries to fathom the atroc ities that faced the European Jews. Some critiques of the uniqueness of the holocaust postulate that claiming the atrocities that met the Jews are an act of garnering prestigious attributes to the Jews. The notion is not correct especially in the contemporary societies where the most powerful control events and activities. In such a society where the powerful dominates, it is not prestigious to be powerless and victimized. The uniqueness of the holocaust is better understood by revisiting the history within the Nazi Germany, within the history context of the Jewish and the general history. Within the Nazi history, it is indicated that approximately 55 million individuals perished by

International Business Essay Example for Free

International Business Essay Q.2 a) Evaluate the different ways in which Bata has interacted with foreign political systems in its investments and operations abroad. ANS Multinational enterprises (MNEs) like Bata must operate in countries with different political and legal conditions, so the political impact on the foreign investments is very important. This paper explains this issue based on the Bata case in three parts. The first part evaluates the different ways in which Bata has interacted with foreign political systems in its investments and operations aboard. In the second part, the advantages and disadvantages, which MNEs bring to their company and the host-country when doing foreign direct investment, are analyzed relating to the Bata case. And the last part gives a detailed analysis of the complex political impact on international business with reference to the political environment in general; also supply the way of formulating effective political strategy. * Batas effective organizational structure and managing style With activities in 60 countries, Canada-based Bata Shoe Organization has much operational experience both in developed countries and developing countries and can deal with different political systems. It has an effective organization structure, which consists of  · Bata Limited located in Toronto, Canada, acts as headquarters of the operating companies. Regional offices exist in Toronto, Mexico City, Singapore, Paris, Calcutta and Harare.  · The International structure: a decentralized organization, where operating companies are independent businesses, supported by a global management team.  · Private Ownership: Bata shoe organization companies have also entered into a number of joint ventures, retail franchising and brand licensing agreements [1]. By and large Batas operations are independent units established in each country where the firm does business. As such, Bata is able to decentralize control of its politica l strategygiving subsidiaries significant autonomy in managing relations with their respective government. b) Should Pizza Hut put more of its efforts in expanding in Brazil or somewhere in South East Asia? Why? ANS – Pizza Hut, one of the most popular food chains, opened their 10000Th shops in the Brazilian market in 1994. Pizza Hut’s parent company is PepsiCo. PepsiCo was trying to penetrate in Brazilian market in various ways. However, the path was not as easy as assumed. Pizza Hut faced decline in the Brazilian market. Experts said that there were two probable reasons for this. One is Pizza Hut’s less successful introduction of new products and the second is the low price strategy of the competitors. However, Pizza Hut had a high hope to make Brazils their second or third major market because Brazil had many location specific advantages like urbanization, size, population, Gross National Product etc. Brazil endured erratic political situations since 1964. After a long military dictatorship, a stable political reformation was done by the year 1997.Economically; Brazil has a mixed history as well. It has a very good economic potential. It has access to several natural resources and well knit infrastructures. However, inflation affected the economy very badly. Pizza Hut entered in Brazil in 1988, during the period of high inflation. It followed the practice of corporate franchise. Later, Pizza Hut bought some of the franchises. But still different problems arose like- difference in cultures, cost of maintaining large pool of employees and of course inflation. Gradually, the inflation rate of Brazil normalized. People made more informed decisions and Pizza Hut began to flourish. However, in 1995, sales of Pizza Hut dropped. As a mean of counterattack, Pizza Hut took two different strategies. One was to cut the price by 25% and another was to announce various sales related decisions by mingling with local cultures like Samba dance. But both of the plans failed miserably. In these ways, Pizza Hut struggled to succeed in the Brazilian market. Q.3 a) what factors threaten India’s future competitive positions in cashew nut productions? ANS – Since the opening of China’s doors to world trade in the late 90’s, it has become an emerging super power. Hence, China may be a threat to India’s current competitive position in the cashew nut production because it is also capable to support cashew processing with its abundance of human resources, low-wage rates, and possible training in the manual dexterity required in the premium cashew nut production. China is currently engaging in new markets and providing cheap manual labor to other manufacturing. With this, China can see that the increasing profitable cashew nut industry and decide to enter it because it has the capability to do so. Moreover, the current formulation of the European Union (EU) provides that its members eliminate trade barriers for imports and exports between each other may be a possible threat to India’s United Kingdom market. Since the UK can virtually import anything from its neighboring countries without any cost, it might affect the demand of cashew nuts –the Europeans may divert their attention from cashew nuts to other products popular in its neighboring countries. India’s competitiveness could also be threatened by the increased Research and Development improvement that countries worldwide are engaging in nowadays. Brazilians (India’s most prominent competitor in the cashew nut industry) may possibly find machinery that can be substituted for the needed hand dexterity for the flavor that India’s cashew nut has. b) Should the United States seek to tighten the economic grip on cube? If so, how should it be done? ANS – U.S. should not seek to tighten economic grip on Cuba as it is already a weak economy as compared to U.S. due to the political environment of the country for the past few decades. For U.S. industries and companies Cuba is a very potential market. Also the workforce is efficient, so there is a possibility of efficient labor at lower cost for U.S. industries. Also, other countries of the world started favoring Cuba and also doubted the rationale of U.S. on imposing the embargo. 1. Attitude: An attitude may be defined as a learned disposition to behave in a consistently favourable or unfavourable way with respect to a given object (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). Stated differently, it positions people into a frame of mind of liking or disliking things, of moving toward or away from them‘ (Kolter and Armstrong, 2008: p144). It is acknowledged that people have attitudes toward almost everything religion, politics, clothes, music, food (Kotler, 2003). For instance The demand for life insurance in a country may be affected by the unique culture of the country to the extent that it affects the population‘s risk aversion (Douglas and Wildavski, 1982). Henderson and Milhouse (1987) argue that an individual‘s religion can provide an insight into the individual‘s behaviour; and understanding religion is an important component of understanding a nation‘s unique culture. Also, Zelizer (1979) notes that religion historically has provided a strong source of cultural opposition to life insurance as many religious people believe that a reliance on life insurance results from a distrust of God‘s protecting care. But historically, some form of social insurance existed in Nigerian and Africa society long before the introduction of the modern insurance in Nigeria (Osoka, 1992). These social schemes evolved through the existence of extended family system and social associations such as age grades, and other unions. The simplest form of the â€â€"social insurance‘ was practiced by means of providing cash donations, materials or sometimes organized collective labour to assist members of extended family and members of social or communal associations who suffer a mishap. 2. Lack of Knowledge of Insurance Culture: In a recent study of quality of life in developing countries with reference to South Africa (Moller, 2004), income and social security (own wages, ability to provide for family, insurance against illness/death and income in old age) have been treated as one of the major indicators of quality of life. This standpoint stresses the significance of insurance to human life. Ironically, insurance services seem not to have been so accepted enthusiastically in developing countries. The abysmal level of insurance culture in developing economies has attracted relative interests among researchers and practitioners alike. Risk has been identified as a central fact of life in the rural areas of less-developed countries (Udry, 1994). Some of the problems associated with this have been marketing. For example, Omar (2005) assesses consumers‘attitudes towards life insurance patronage in Nigeria and found out that there is lack of trust and confidence i n the insurance companies. Other major reason for this attitude is lack of knowledge about life insurance product. 3. Low Level of Education: Educational status of Nigerians has significant influence on their attitude towards insurance. Educated people have more positive attitude to insurance than less educated ones. In a recent insurance conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. The choice of Lagos is due to its nature as a metropolitan city where most Nigerian ethnic groups are largely represented. Fact shows that respondents with higher education outperformed others even though no statistical significant difference was observed with vocational education. 4. Unemployment Issue: Employees working status has a significance effect on Nigerians attitude towards insurance. Retired and Employed Nigerians with means attitude scores of 28.50 and 28.14 respectively outperformed their competitors. No significant difference was observed between retired, employed and Self-employed respondents. On the other hand, self-employed people have significantly higher attitude towards insurance than unemployed, student and part time workers. This result is quite similar to findings in most developed world. In Conclusion, The findings of this study suggest some major implications for marketing of insurances services in Nigerian businesses environment which is a big market. Given that attitude is strongly linked to behaviour, marketers of insurance services targeting Nigerians are confronted with the challenge of encouraging people to embrace insurance institution and its associated benefits. Based on the findings, this article confirms negative attitudes of Nigerians to insurance services further. But apart from this broad finding in respect of the negative attitudes to this line of business, this study suggests some specific findings based on different demographical factors of the respondents. The findings serve as inputs to marketers of insurance services on how they formulate and implement relevant marketing strategies towards addressing the nonchalant attitude of Nigerians to insurance. For instance, specific marketing strategies are required to encourage the young generation below 46 years of age, the divorced/separated, and the less-educated to embrace and appreciate the role of insurance. Since, the basic issue associated with this lack of interest rests mainly in their lack of appreciation of the roles of benefits of insurance services; it is recommended that significant marketing communication activities with instant compensation to both marketers be targeted more at this set of people highlighted. This will help to kindle their interest in the business and brings the insurance institution to the highly exalted position it belongs in their perception.

Similarities between Christianity and Shinotoism

Similarities between Christianity and Shinotoism Undoubtedly, a person craving to comprehend the spiritual and the religious has served as the drive for the sustained expansion and progression of religious communication. Consequently, when a person reflects on the amount and range of the worlds religions, it is not shocking to discover that there are overabundances of religious principles that have been formed. Bearing this in mind, this analysis reflects on the capacities of religious inquisition that has been fashioned. Particularly, this analysis evaluates Christianity and Shintoism. Through a close reflection of what has been written regarding these religions, and through a personal interview that was conducted, it will be feasible to present an explanation of the backgrounds and similarities and differences of the religions. In order to start this analysis, it is first accommodating to think about the essential background of both religions. First, examining the basic doctrines and evolution of Christianity, it becomes apparent that this religion developed from the Jewish tradition as depicted in the Old Testament. The difference is, however that Christianity firmly believes in the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Christianity concerns the capacity of God to resurrect the dead, just like He did for Jesus. Through finding faith in Christ, the followers are given the ability to guarantee that they could live a life that would give them eternal salvation (New Advent, 2009). The New Testament offers detailed depictions of how Jesus lived and insights into his resurrection. When examining Christianity, it becomes very clear that the magnitude of the resurrection is momentous to the development of the religion. In general, the resurrection is the most significant characteristic that expresses Christianity. Through the resurrection, a person is given salvation from God an eternal life. Even though the precise circumstance of the resurrection is what separates Christianity Judaism, there is a drive to recognize why Christianity has become so dominant to its followers. One of the reasons why it has become so dominant is the result of many of its followers believing that through faith, God will guard and supply. It is now obvious why Christianity is such a distinguished religion; it is because of the assurances that it gives its followers. Every person goes into a covenant with God when s/he accepts the teachings of Christ (New Advent, 2009). Through this procedure, a person is assured to be given eternal deliverance for his or her labors in living a life that is based on the principles of Christ. Despite the consequences of how tricky life is, a person must constantly stick to the larger agenda of his teachings. By doing this, they will basically be resurrected in the afterlife (New Advent, 2009). The assurance of this resurrection gives the followers a belief that life goes on after a person dies. In order to conduct my interview and obtain information about Shintoism, I decided to perform an Internet search to see where the closest Shino center was. It turned out the closes center was located at 300 W. 55th St, 20B, New York, NY which wasnt terribly difficult for me to go to. It is called the International Shinto Foundation (New York Center). It was, however, very difficult for me to get in touch with a representative, so I decided to simply make an unannounced trip there in expectation that I would be able to speak to someone who had a strong grasp on Shintoism. My efforts were certainly rewarded; I was able to connect with an English-speaking man who was responsible for maintaining the tea ceremony room. He gave me a great deal of valuable information, and it is with this information that I am able to offer a summary of the religion, in addition to being able to compare and contrast it to Christianity and draw up a conclusion. Shintoism is a very old Chinese religion which advanced around 500 BC (Personal Interview, 2009). Exact details of Shintoisms origins is very difficult to receive because of the fact that that there are no official texts or leaders within this movement. As a result, Shintoism is defined as a set of values and principles that developed in the larger framework of Japanese society (Personal Interview, 2009). This belief system has grown in conjunction with Buddhism. Actually, many scholars believe that in early Japanese history, both Shintoism and Buddhism could not be distinguished from each another. Even though Shintoism expanded from a Buddhism framework, it has been recognized as a separate religion and spiritual way of living. The fundamental element of Shintoism concerns deities or Kami, who are accountable for the construction of Japan and the expansion of a variety of tribes that reside in the region (Handbook of Todays Religions, 2009). In general, the Kami that exist in Shintoism are benevolent gods that play a constructive role in the growth of humanity. Accordingly, Shintoism does not dwell on the framework of divine intervention as it pertains to day-to-day living. Instead, Shintoism centers on the growth of life that is lived in search of additional supercilious social standards (Personal Interview, 2009). In many situations, Shintoism uses a large amount of its basic principles from the Confucian tradition. Even though Shintoism is extremely interlaced with both Confucian and Buddhist ideologies, it has been noted that there are dissimilar components of the practices which undoubtedly distinguish them. For example, Shintoism believes that ancestors are extremely respected and even worshipped. Also, all people are thought of as Kamis child (Personal Interview, 2009). In addition, there are four assertions that are significant in Shintoism, and include elements of tradition, love, hygiene, and worship (Personal Interview, 2009). Shintoism was established through these values. All of components of Shintoism center on the growth and founding of an optimistic relationship between a person and his or her environment. Shintoism looks to smooth the progress of the progress of man as it pertains to nature in a harmonious association. This harmony has the potential to be attained through intense worship; however, it can also be attained through ceremonial offerings of both money and food. A large amount of followers are occupied in the offer a meal movement, which is basically when a person skips a meal on a monthly basis and instead donates his or her money to their religious institution for worldwide liberation and analogous activity (Personal Interview, 2009). After evaluating the general attraction of Shintoism to an individual disciple, it is an all-purpose way of life that authorizes that the follower to follow a life that is Godly in nature. Even though the term Shinto is not easy to convert into English, the elementary translations that have been accepted entail that the follower lives a life that follows the ways of the Gods. Because of this, Shintoism is a spiritual element that encompasses the day-to-day life of an individual follower. It supplies the foundation for the progression of action and requires that all followers take on actions and ideologies that are proportionate with how the Gods would act in a comparable situation. Therefore, Shintoism is not necessary tempting to indulge in because of what it guarantees the follower in the afterlife; instead, Shintoism is tempting to be part of because it gives its followers numerous methods to connect with God in multiple ways. When the fundamental structures of both Christianity and Shintoism are evaluated against one another, it seems, at least initially, that there are definitely more noteworthy variations between the two religions than there are similarities. For example, Christianity is based upon the wisdom and labors of Christ, as outlined in the New Testament. However, Shintoism in actuality has no real texts, or even a religious set of guidelines that are to be followed by its followers. In addition, Christianity primarily focuses on devotion to God through living a meaningful life that is supported by the teachings of Christ. Shintoism, on the other hand, does not have a fundamental leader that has served as the foundation for the general growth and expansion of the religion (Shintoism, 2009). Actually, as alluded to above, Shintoism was founded on an extended practice of harmonizing spiritual values that have been sustained in the framework of other religions such as Confucianism and Buddhism. Even though there are obviously distinguishable variations between the two religions, there actually appears to be one prominent resemblance that really should be taken into account for when evaluating these two religions. In spite of of the texts, in regards to the principles and leaders that are both living or not living within the framework of the religion, both Christianity and Shintoism call for paving a pathway of existence that will ultimately show the way for a better life. When it comes to Christianity, a person could successfully dispute that this religion primary deals with the teachings of Christ as an essential method of bringing a person closer to God. Christ guaranteed his followers that if they lived a life that pursued his teachings, they would, in turn, become closer to God and the Gods Kingdom. If a person closely examines the teachings of Christ as depicted in the New Testament, it is obvious that Christ desired for his followers to be in love with and take pleasu re in all of humanity. This message is obvious, as Jesus promotes that followers feel affection for God and their neighbors in the same capacity. In regards to Shintoism, it is obvious that the conduit that followers are supposed to attribute to is one that also cultivates a conduit that will ultimately show the way to God. Even though it seems as though Shintoism deals more with a persons connection with nature, the bond that is fashioned is comparable: man needs to live in agreement withÂÂ  the environment that is around him in order to achieve an advanced existence and successfully come nearer to God. In Christianity, the corridor that a person is supposed to follow is essentially written in the scripture; however, in Shintoism, the corridor that a person needs to follow is sustained through practice and admiration for the magnificence and majesty of nature. In both of the religions, however, the objective is to make certain that a person follows a corridor that ultimately brings them to God. This fundamental principle is one that is the foundation for the growth and foundation of both of these religions. Even though both Christianity and Shintoism primarily emphasize on following a conduit that will in due course lead to connecting with God, as time has progressed, Christianity seems to have taken on an exclusive element that particularly separates it from the fundamental foundation of Shintoism. The principles of Shintoism, when properly implemented by the follower, become an essential component of every-day life. Shintoism is not a religious order that can be taken control of or divided from a person (Shintoism, 2009). As such, Shintoism has been distinguished to have a spiritual aspect that establishes it as a crucial element in the day-to-day life of a person. Even though Christianity seems to convey a comparable message-that a person needs to undertake on a daily basis in the same way in which Christ would-the development of modern Christianity has gotten rid of the day-to-day impact of Christ on the individual person. Christianity seems to have become an observance that happens outside of the non-spiritual life of the person. A person attends church on a weekly basis in order to worship in Christs name. Even though Christ is considered to be an essential element of a persons life, this appropriation of the spiritual makes it very hard for the person to maintain Jesus as an encouraging element that encourages certain behaviors on a daily basis. Even though both Christianity and Shintoism present themselves as a tool for the spiritual progression of a person, the transformation of Christianity seems to have had an unconstructive effect on separating religion from the daily activities of a person. Notwithstanding, Christianity seems to have remained among the most well-known worldly religions. Consequently, even though some amount of transformation has taken place, Christianity still remains appealing to a majority of people. When the fundamental principles of both Christianity and Shintoism are look at in detail, the general petition of each of the religions seems to come from a more widespread plan of action for an individual. Under the principles of both Christianity and Shintoism, the individual follower is provided with a pathway to pursue. In most occasions, this pathway gives the follower a way for them to live a godly existence that will ultimately bring them closer to Him. This important element is what makes both of the religions so interesting for their followers.

Childhood Obesity in America Essay -- Obesity in Children

It’s a scary feeling when climbing a simple flight of stairs only to reach the top and be completely out of breath. In America today this is the reality that many children face. Obesity has become an epidemic in our world, it has many contributing factors, affects learning abilities but there are preventive methods for it. Although little is being done about obesity, it's affecting the lives of many but mostly children and by a multitude of different factors. The rising numbers of obese children has reached an alarming rate. With many Americans, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœobesity’†¦carries the connotation of being extremely overweight. [But] health professionals define overweight as an excess amount of body weight that includes muscle, bone, fat and water; whereas obesity is specifically defined as an excess amount of body fat† (Andrews 1). More often than not we tend to switch these definitions and have false pretenses. Although, there are many health threats in the world today, â€Å"†¦childhood obesity (is) one of the leading health threats in the United States† (2). Even the statistics show that obesity is becoming an epidemic. In fact, â€Å"[s]ince the 1970s, the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled for preschool children and adolescents and more than tripled for school-aged children† (1). With the increasing numbers it causes people to wonder if there are other causes for obesity. Through tests and observations it has been found that obesity can be caused by other factors. Many scientists â€Å"†¦believe there are other causes for the obesity epidemic besides too many French fries†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Belluz 1). Eating habits can contribute to obesity but they’re not the only factor playing into the bigger picture. For instance, â€Å"[p]ollutants, like DDE, are believed to... ...n't be the ones that are out of breath. Work Cited Andrews, Shirley P., and Stan Andrews. â€Å"Fitness fun for everyone: classroom games and activities to support reading and math.† Childhood Education 2009:97. Beebe, Ginger, and Joe Thompson. "The problem of childhood obesity." Arkansas Business 2010: 7. Belluz, Julia. "Born to be fat: does prenatal exposure to chemicals called 'obesogens' help explain the epidemic of obesity?" Maclean's 8 Nov. 2010: 89. DeSantis, Cari. "On child obesity." Policy & Practice 2010: 3. "Move it." Current Events, a Weekly Reader publication 25 Oct. 2010: 6. "Physicians Group Urges Schools To Go Veggie.† American School & University 2010. 5. Skolnik, Neil S., and Mackenzie Mady. "Clinical guidelines for family physicians: screening for obesity in children and adolescents." Family Practice News 2010:49.

A short story: do we have a choice :: essays research papers

Short Story ‘Do we have a choice?’ Laying down on the Hostels Bed, the two best Friends -Zeba and Zaraa- remembered the time they have spent together. The have been friends since the age of five. The started school together, studied together, partied together and whatever they did did it together. Now they graduated together from King Edwards, a university in Lahore- Pakistan, and had to go back to their own homes. â€Å"Oh Zeba,† said Zaraa â€Å"do you remember the most famous mischievous act that we did in year four and that which everyone still remembers? The time when you kept a dead cockroach in Ms. Nadia Study book?† â€Å"Yeah, that was in year four, right? Oh God, I envy those days so much. We were young at that time, we were like birds that have just gained their freedom, and there was no one to stop us, no one to tell us off, and no one who had control over us. We were all by our selves but now we have grown up and remembering those days would not help. Zaraa, you have to get over it, this had to happen someday and we were expecting this separation. I have to get married and settle down and so do you. I have to leave tonight; my family is waiting for me,† explained Zeba to Zaraa. They were now old enough to get married; their parents had selected their life partners for them and what they had to do was give their approval. The two were such a pair that one could show another the true meaning of friendship that true friends possess. They had been friends for as long as anyone could remember. The separation was not easy for the two. They wished to stay together their entire life. Now whe n they have to separate they are not willing to do so. Zeba had to leave today and Zaraa, tomorrow. They both belonged to completely different backgrounds and came from different places. Despite all the troubles between the two families, the two, Zeba and Zaraa, managed to survive their friendship. All day long the two roamed around the room to work out a way in which they could stay together, forever. Flop after flop ideas popped into their heads but then Zaraa shrieked, â€Å"I have got an idea† and before Zeba could say anything she said â€Å"and I bet you this is a good one. A short story: do we have a choice :: essays research papers Short Story ‘Do we have a choice?’ Laying down on the Hostels Bed, the two best Friends -Zeba and Zaraa- remembered the time they have spent together. The have been friends since the age of five. The started school together, studied together, partied together and whatever they did did it together. Now they graduated together from King Edwards, a university in Lahore- Pakistan, and had to go back to their own homes. â€Å"Oh Zeba,† said Zaraa â€Å"do you remember the most famous mischievous act that we did in year four and that which everyone still remembers? The time when you kept a dead cockroach in Ms. Nadia Study book?† â€Å"Yeah, that was in year four, right? Oh God, I envy those days so much. We were young at that time, we were like birds that have just gained their freedom, and there was no one to stop us, no one to tell us off, and no one who had control over us. We were all by our selves but now we have grown up and remembering those days would not help. Zaraa, you have to get over it, this had to happen someday and we were expecting this separation. I have to get married and settle down and so do you. I have to leave tonight; my family is waiting for me,† explained Zeba to Zaraa. They were now old enough to get married; their parents had selected their life partners for them and what they had to do was give their approval. The two were such a pair that one could show another the true meaning of friendship that true friends possess. They had been friends for as long as anyone could remember. The separation was not easy for the two. They wished to stay together their entire life. Now whe n they have to separate they are not willing to do so. Zeba had to leave today and Zaraa, tomorrow. They both belonged to completely different backgrounds and came from different places. Despite all the troubles between the two families, the two, Zeba and Zaraa, managed to survive their friendship. All day long the two roamed around the room to work out a way in which they could stay together, forever. Flop after flop ideas popped into their heads but then Zaraa shrieked, â€Å"I have got an idea† and before Zeba could say anything she said â€Å"and I bet you this is a good one.

Aristotle’s Definition of Friend :: essays research papers

Friendship is undoubtedly one of the most important elements in the books of Aristotle’s ethical principles. Aristotle takes the idea of friendship to a serious degree. He categorizes them into three groups or types of friendships. This report will attempt to define each type of friendship as well as identify the role of friendship in a society. Aristotle considers friendship to be a necessity to live. He claims that no individual would chose to live without friends even if the individual had all of the other good things in life. He also describes friendship as a virtue and as just. Given the above statements on friendship, it is safe to say that Aristotle felt that friendship is something that every human must have in order to reach a peaceful state of mind. It has all of the qualities of good as long as both parties of a friendship are considered good. Therefore, the role of friendship in a society is to promote goodness between all parties involved in it. As previously mentioned, Aristotle has identified three different types of friendships. The first is friendship based on utility. This is a friendship in which both parties become involved with each other for their own personal benefit. An example would be a working relationship with an individual. These are people who do not spend much time together, possibly because they do not like each other, and therefore feel no need to associate with one another unless they are mutually useful. They take pleasure from each other’s company just for their own sake. Aristotle uses the elderly and foreigners as examples of friendships based on utility. The second type of friendship is a friendship based on pleasure. This friendship is made between two people that wish to gain pleasure from one another. Aristotle uses the young as an example here. Friendship between the young is grounded on pleasure because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their main interest is in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment. They are quick to create and destroy friendships because their affection changes as fast as the things that please them do. Aristotle felt that this sort of pleasure changes rapidly. The young also have a tendency to fall in love, thus creating an erotic friendship which is swayed by the feelings and based on pleasure. Finally, we have what is considered the by Aristotle as the perfect friendship.

The Impact of Tourism on Benidorm

Map of Benidorm Before the tourist hype Benidorm was a small fishing village, with a relatively small population – whose main income was obtained through fishing the local coast, the Costa del Sol – but quickly became Spain's biggest holiday resort for people from foreign countries, and at its peak, it was attracting four million tourists each year.Benidorm in the 1960’s Between 1930 and 1970 it became one of the most visited tourist destinations. The fact that it’s in one of the most southern regions of Spain and is faces the sun is one of the many reasons so many people were drawn to Benidorm. Another reason it became so popular is the fact that it is only a 2-3 hour flight from most places in Europe and it’s cheap and affordable for most families. For the majority of the local people tourism is their income in one way or another, with 85% of income being from tourism. Benidorm is the most affluent area of Spain due to tourism. There is loads of work for the local people and most are flexible due to their nature. There is also a sense of globalisation as people get to get a taste of a different culture for example eating in foreign food restaurants. Overcrowding in Benidorm There is however some major negative impacts of tourism in Benidorm, for example it is overcrowded, the population has increased from 700,000 to 110,000,00. A lot of the negative impacts effect the local environment such as hardly any of the beach is natural and is constantly having to be replenished due to erosion mainly due to humans. There is also too much rubbish to deal with and roads are congestion due to too many cars and too little busses. Local people who aren’t that wealthy may also struggle to fins houses as house prices have increased due to the high demand for second homes, people are also reliant on tourism and there is a loss of independence. Over the last few years Benidorm has been trying to shake of the â€Å"lager lout† reputation it became to develop mainly due to amount of British tourist go there just to party and become disorderly. Tourism officials decided they did not want that label and wanted to make it more family friendly and are determined to shake the bad reputation they have developed due to the amount of drunken people. There are plans to build more 4-5 star hotels to regain the tourist they had started to lose due to their bad reputation

Describe and Compare the Two Forms of Cubism

According to the Tate Gallery’s exposition (1979) Cubism has remained the most important and influential movement of the 20th century, notwithstanding the movement’s short duration. According to Read (1994) the major period for Cubism was from 1907 to 1914, with Picasso and Braque as the main originators of the movement. The rationale for the Tate’s statement is given as â€Å"the artists associated with [Cubism] took some of the most decisive steps towards abstraction†, and this extreme development â€Å"has become the archetype of later revolutionary movements† (p. 84). The movement, according to Read, was the first abstract style of the 20th century, and named by the art critic Louis Vauxcelles, who took up a remark by Matisse about â€Å"Braque’s little cubes† (p. 100). One source (artlex. com) cites Vauxcelles as saying: â€Å"M. Braque scorns form and reduces everything, sites, figures and houses, to geometric schemas and cubes. † One of the most innovative developments is that the creators of Cubism sought to replace a single viewpoint and light source, normal within the western art world since the Renaissance, with a much more complete representation of any object, combining many ‘aspects’. Initially colours were temporarily abandoned and shapes were simplified and flattened. Space was furthermore rendered by means of oblique lines and overlapping forms (The Tate Gallery, 1979). According to Belton (2002, p. 109) Picasso and Braque both struggled with the problem of representing three dimensional objects and figures in the two dimensional medium of painting; â€Å"their solution was to create an abstract form that could display two or more sides of an object simultaneously†. Whilst Picasso’s Demoiselles d’Avignon is generally viewed as the first Cubist painting, Read (1994) argues that the painting might be more usefully viewed as ‘pre-Cubist’, or ‘proto-Cubist’, as it was so heavily influenced by Iberian or African art. Cezanne’s later work is often viewed as the catalyst for the development of Cubism, and Read cites Cezanne’s advice to Bernard â€Å"to deal with nature by means of the cylinder, the sphere and the cone† (p. 100). Cezanne, by trusting his eyes and attempting to express natural, binocular vision, allowed for the ‘truth’ of the shifted viewpoint (Moszynska, 1990). Cubism gives the artist a way of depicting the world in a way that goes beyond what can be seen, and attempts to deal with the energies of objects. According to Read (1994) Cubism could be categorized into various divisions, including ‘analytic’, ‘hermetic’ and ‘synthetic’. This essay will mainly concentrate in the analytic and synthetic forms of Cubism. The term ‘hermetic’ refers to the largely or wholly indecipherable way of representing an object in the flatter type of abstraction, as typical of both Braque’s and Picasso’s later way of working. In this phase the allover pattern became more important. Other sources (including artlex. com) refer to ‘analytic’ cubism as ‘facet’ cubism. Analytical and Synthetic Cubism acquired their names through the comments by art historian Einstein, and in effect are retrospective labels. Einstein wrote that the â€Å"simplistic distortions† employed by Picasso, as typified by his portrait of Gertrude Stein, led to â€Å"a period of analysis and fragmentation and finally to a period of synthesis† (as cited in Foster, Krauss, Bois and Buchloh, 2004, p. 106). The analytical phase of Cubism, as developed by Braque and Picasso, was characterised by a number of different features, starting with the contraction of the painters’ palettes, away from the full colour spectrum to rather monochrome selections, which Foster et al. term ‘abstemious’. The second characteristic is the extreme flattening of the visual space, â€Å"as though a roller had pressed all the volume out of the bodies† (ibid. , p. 106). The third characteristic identified by Foster et al. is the visual vocabulary used to describe â€Å"the physical remains of this explosive process† (p. 06). Foster et al. illustrate these features with Picasso’s portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910) and Bracque’s painting The Portuguese (The Emigrant, 1911-12). The grey or tonal scale, the traditional tool of representing volume, is used very differently by the Cubists. Kahnweiler, the art dealer who exhibited both Braque and Picasso’s work, identified the â€Å"bringing about the unity of the pictorial object† as the exclusive concern of Cubism (Foster et al. , 2004, p. 107). Kahnweiler’s view as upheld by Greenberg, who saw Analytical Cubism as the fusion between two types of flatness: the â€Å"depicted flatness†, shoving the fragmented objects closer to the surface, and the â€Å"literal flatness† of that surface (ibid. , p. 109). Foster and his colleagues however question this: they note a number of differences between the evident intentions of Braque and Picasso in relation to the flat plane, with Picasso, being more ‘tactile’, more focused on exploring the possibilities of using Cubism for sculpture, and Braque more concerned with transparency. Steinberg too, urged against the blurring of Picasso and Braque’s pictures. The two exponents of Cubism saw themselves as being ‘roped together’ like mountaineers in their exploration of this new way of working, with the ebullient Spaniard referring to Braque as his ‘wife’. However, Braque was loyal to ‘passage’, the practice of visual slippage between adjacent elements, whereas Picasso, according to Foster et al. , had an â€Å"overwhelming concern with a vestigial kind of depth† (ibid, p. 109). Picasso seemed more focused on making depth tactile, as Foster et al. demonstrate with showing Picasso’s central plunging depth in Houses on the hill: Horta de Ebro (1909). They go on to argue that Braque is more concerned with the ‘diaphanous’ quality of Cubism, with the loss of traditional notions of figure and ground The Tate Gallery (1979, p. 85) presents Braque’s Clarinet and a Bottle of Rum on a Mantelpiece (1911) as a crucial point in Cubism, â€Å"when the breaking down of objects had been carried to a point very close to complete abstraction†. After this point Braque and Picasso started to introduce areas of wood-graining, the use of collage, and a re-introduction of colour, thereby representing objects in a more recognisable, but also more symbolic way. According to Gersh-Nesic (n. d. ) Synthetic Cubism integrates â€Å"high† and â€Å"low† art (art made by an artist combined with art made for commercial purposes, such as packaging), and according to some can be considered the first Pop Art. Even before 1912 Braque and Picasso had introduced stenciled lettering into their paintings. These stencils were not fine art, they were used for packaging and pub signs. The stencils draw attention to the surface of the canvas, since the uniform letters appear independent of what's painted underneath them. Two technical innovations exemplify new development in Cubism: papier colle and collage. Papier colle involves sticking coloured paper onto the canvas and was invented by Braque. Collage was developed by Picasso, and involved sticking all sorts of materials, such as leather, newspaper, material and rope, onto the surface. Sticking different materials, such as woodgrain, onto the surface of the painting playfully confused what was real and what was an illusion (Tate, n. d. ). New, provocative questions are raised with the use of collage, namely: what is more realistic, to perfectly simulate the look of a newspaper in oil paint, or to stick actual newspaper onto the canvas? (Tate, n. d. ). Wadley (1970, p. 13) holds that â€Å"technically and conceptually† Synthetic Cubism was â€Å"a denial of the European tradition†, in that the surface was now the furthest point from the spectator, not the nearest. Artists working in a synthetic way started with the terms of painting, and from them composed an image which they could justly claim was more real, â€Å"since it in no sense distorted or imitated something else† (ibid. p. 14). Gris, who was the clearest formulator of cubist theory, stated: I work with the elements of the intellect, with the imagination. I try to make concrete that which is abstract. I proceed from the general to the particular, by which I mean that I start with an abstraction in order to arrive at a true fact. Mine is an art of synthesis, of deduction. (ibid. , p. 129) Gris was called a ‘demon of logic’ by Apollinaire. Indeed, his way of working and thinking was different from his Cubist colleagues. According to Wadley the integration in Gris’ work is tighter than in comparable Picassos or Braques. Gris used collage only in his paintings, and its effect is always to strengthen the rigid division of the surface. [ ]There is no hint of Picasso’s ragged edges and random encounters, nor of Braque’s simple elements floating in a spacious arena. The total effect is of tight concentration. (Wadley, 1970, p. 82) Gris’ meticulous style is evident in how he has painstakingly arranged the letters in ‘Le Matin’ in Man in the Cafe, to correspond with the diagonal columns and echo the horizontal line elow (ibid). Foster et al. (2004) make a ‘semiotic’ reading of Picasso’s use of material in his Violin (1912): the ‘twin’ pieces of newsprint paper represent on the one hand the frontal, opaque (wood of the violin), as well as the transparent, amorphous ‘ground’ (background colour). They go on to claim that a similar visual play of meaning is evident in Picasso’s Bottle of Vieux Marc, Glass and Newspaper (1913), where a piece of wallpaper is used to represent the liquid in the glass, the rim of the glass, and the ground of the table-cloth. The cut out piece used for the liquid (looking like a chef’s top hat) represents transparency, whilst the ‘negative shape’ left by the incision represents the solid stem of the glass. The viewer might be left with the question whether the ever playful Picasso was just enjoying a visual pun, or whether he intended any of this to be read as ‘signs’. The artist himself stated: â€Å"Mathematics, trigonometry, chemistry, psycho-analysis, music and whatnot, have been related to cubism to give it an easier interpretation. All this has been pure literature, not to say nonsense, which brought bad results, blinding people with theories. (Wadley, 1970, p. 128) During its lifetime both Analytical and Synthetic Cubism encompassed and influenced many artists – the most notable of these being Leger, the three Duchamp/Villon brothers, Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Gleizes and Metzinger (who published a book on Cubism). For some of these artists Cubism functioned as a transition, although Picasso would hold that â€Å"Cubism is neither a seed, nor a foetus, but an art dealing primarily with forms, and when a form is realized it is there to live its own life† (Wadley, p. 28). It led artists like Piet Mondrian to what he saw as its logical end, complete abstraction. Cubism may have been short-lived as a movement, but it continues to influence contemporary art to this day. Collage, for instance, has become a widely practiced form of art. And in terms of form, the practice of reducing everything to the ‘cylinder, the sphere and the cone’ was brought to mind on viewing some of Manolo Valdes’ work, in an exhibition in The Hague this summer.

Motion Sickness In Naval Environment Health And Social Care Essay

The intent of this paper is to find a sensible attack to pull offing gesture illness in Canadian Naval forces. Management of gesture illness in a naval environment is really of import. The coming of new engineering, assorted gender, multicultural, and smaller crew sizes mean that the effects of gesture illness on the crew straight affects the mission capableness of a modern war vessel. The pathophysiology of mal de mer and gesture illness in general remains ill understood. In general, gesture illness is thought to be a miscommunication and nervous mismatch syndrome. This account does non to the full explicate why weariness occurs in concurrence with gesture illness or why gesture illness is so variable in different individuals under the same conditions. Seasickness can be efficaciously managed utilizing combinations of workspace alteration, non-prescription drugs, prescription drugs, and addiction. There is no 1 combination that is universally effectual nevertheless there is a demand for the practician to hold a good thought of when to modify a intervention mode for a peculiar sea province or patients demands.IntroductionModern ships and smaller crews have a high impact when the crew is unable to execute basic and complex maps when they become helpless due to gesture illness. Anyone who has of all time treated a patient who is actively or inveterate airsick can sympathize with the patient feeling that they would wish to decease so the mal de mer would travel off. In the Canadian Navy a patient needs to show a history of chronic mal de mer in order to be moved to a new trade and considered to be for good unfit for naval service. This frequently is non done until the member has been to the full trained and can take two to three old ag es of sailing to happen ensuing in a great trade of wretchedness for the patient and a big investing in clip, preparation, and money on the portion of the Canadian Forces. The intent of this paper is to reexamine the pathophysiology of gesture illness and depict an grounds based attack to the direction of mal de mer utilizing both pharmacological and non pharmacologically based interventions presently available to CF Health Services Personnel. It will besides briefly explore ergonomic alterations to alleviate the symptoms of Motion Sickness. With the coming of modern ship design, crew composing has evolved to hold fewer and really extremely specialised forces responsible for runing the combat platform of today. For illustration, during World War II the crew of a Frigate had 141 forces ( 1 ) who were responsible for the safe operation of the ship. The WWII frigate had half the supplanting and far less than half the capableness and engineering of a modern war vessel of a similar category. The crews were all male and chiefly Caucasian. In 2010 a Canadian Patrol Frigate with a supplanting of 5235 dozenss has a minimal crew of 180 with 45 transeunt forces for a sum of 225 who are responsible for the care and operation of the war vessel ( 2 ) . Motion illness can impact anyplace from 1 % to 100 % of a crew depending on conditions and the status of the H2O surface they travel on. The much smaller crew who are critical to the direction of combat, ego defence, and life support systems become helpless and the whole system of a combat platform is affected. ( Find impact of mal de mer on contending effectivity in article ) The bulk of the literature discusses the direction of gesture illness in the context of short exposures such as sail ship travel, air travel, and infinite travel.Pathophysiology of gesture illnessArgwal et Al ( 2003 ) . , late reiterated that gesture illness still remains ailing understood but is still by and large thought to be caused by nervous input mismatch ( 3 ) . It is besides the place of this writer that some of the symptoms of gesture illness can non be explained to the full by this place. For illustration why does gesture illness consequence in sickness and emesis and non some other symptoms alternatively? This account besides fails to explicate specifically why gesture illness causes sleepiness. Besides it fails to explicate the variableness between different topics susceptibleness to gesture illness under similar fortunes.Definition of mal de merSeasickness is normally described as a feeling of sickness, tummy consciousness, and unwell while on or in H2O both fresh and sa lt H2O. This type of gesture illness is considered to be a normal response to the perceptual experience of gesture whether the gesture is existent or non. For illustration, a individual can go ill on the span of a ship in unsmooth sea or while utilizing a stationary simulator with traveling images on a picture screen even though their organic structure and the platform they are standing on is non traveling.Mal de debarquement SyndromeMal de debarquement Syndrome ( MdDS ) is deserving brief treatment in this paper as it is a status that affects people who have been exposed to gesture illness arousing stimulations yet they still have gesture illness symptoms after remotion of the stimulation. It has deductions in the context of a naval environment as it seems to commonly affect in-between age people ( 4 ) ( 5 ) and can be rather enfeebling. CF Health Services Staff may be presented with patients showing with MdDS given our aging recruit population, and troubles bring forthing staff fo r ships ensuing in the usage of more shore based â€Å" replacement staff † particularly in the back uping trade functions. Some of the older members of the crew of a modern ship may be at hazard for MdDS. The symptoms of MdDS that concern clinicians chiefly are non the transient symptoms that are common for the first few yearss on land after a long sail as described by YH Cha et Al ( 4 ) and Gordon et Al ( 6 ) . Patients with MdDS typically present chiefly with a relentless esthesis of gesture after several yearss removal from a gesture that would normally arouse gesture illness ( 4 ) . Other symptoms may include concerns and sensitiveness to ocular gesture. The symptoms can last from a few hebdomads to many old ages. Fact-finding testing and rating do non uncover any physical causative factor to explicate the symptoms of the patient ( 4 ) . Death from mal de mer? – one history of decease from mal de mer in oil rig catastrophe Questions to be posed: What are the physiological effects of purging and mal de mer? What are the effects of moderate mal de mer on operators of complicated machinery? What is the most effectual manner to handle gesture illness on a naval ship? Divers in a hyperbaric chamber at sea. Aircrew at sea. Aircrew? Divers? Ships Crew? Describe the differences between Sea and air and gesture illness. Cruise ship stabilisation methods, ship design, human factors. Mythbusters section on gesture illness. Treatments Drug Treatments presently in usage in the CF ( 7 ) The CF Formulary contains the fol drugs that are indicated in the direction of Motion illness. Gravol Many readyings avail Common prescription for direction of mal de mer Bonamine Meclazine HCL is used. Its monograph provinces in indicants for the usage in the intervention of XXXXX. It was found anecdotally by the writer that it is frequently used and prescribed falsely as one tablet twice daily instead than the sanctioned one to two tablets one time daily in the monograph in some surveies it was besides prescribed as XXXX.Reappraisal of the LiteratureA reappraisal of the literature was done to reply some basic inquiries that would be valuable to explicating an attack to pull offing mal de mer in a naval environment.Can you decease from mal de mer?one decease has beenDoes degree of physical fittingness have an impact on gesture illness?Curiously, topics with high degrees of aerophilic fitness study less symptoms of gesture illness but have higher rates of patterned advance to purging than topics with lower aerophilic fittingness degrees ( 8 ) . Cheung et Al. ( 9 ) looked at why and concluded that tolerance to vestibular gesture decreases as aerophilic fittingn ess additions.Does ethnicity or gender have an consequence on gesture illness?It is by and large thought that ethnicity and gender may hold an impact on an person ‘s gesture illness sensitiveness. Klosterhalfen et al. , studied the consequence of ethnicity and gender on gesture illness susceptibleness ( 10 ) . Specifically they looked at whether gender and cultural ethnicity are interacting. 227 Caucasic and 82 topics of Chinese beginning, both male and female were exposed to nausea bring oning organic structure rotary motions in a rotary motion chair. They experienced five exposures of 1 min each with 1 min breaks between exposures. They were instructed to shut their eyes and travel their caputs up and down every 6 seconds by an audiotape. Campaigners could discontinue at any clip and the entire rotary motion clip was noted. Prior to rotary motion, topics were instructed to make full out a Gesture Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire ( MSSQ ) . Individual symptom evaluations were performed at the beginning and terminal of exposure and 15 and 30 min subsequently. The consequences of the survey indicated that the mean rotary motion clip was higher in Caucasic than in Chinese t opics. It besides indicated that the rotary motion clip could be predicted from the MSSQ information. The decision of the survey is that gesture illness susceptibleness is affected by both cultural beginning and by gender in a complex manner. The most dependable anticipation of rotary motion could be based on the person ‘s history as assessed by the MSSQ. JE Bos et Al ( 11 ) . observed in the literature that females were 1.4 to 1.7 times more susceptible sea illness and found similar rates in the other manners of transit. They found merely 3 studies contradictory of the consequences of the surveies reviewed. After a reappraisal of the ferry and sail ship informations in their survey they concluded that gender has an impact on a individuals susceptibleness to seasickness. Talk about the Singapore navy testWhat is the impact of ship design on gesture illness?Dobie ( 12 ) looked at the design of ships and how worlds interact with their sophisticated systems. Whole organic structure quiver, gesture induced weariness and noise all affect the organic structure and lessening effectivity in a complex machine. He concluded that the human component must be considered in the design of ships at an early phase in the procedure. The vas should be considered to be a person-machine that operates as a system and effectual design make an effectual system.Can desensitization minimise effects of gesture illness?What drugs could be used to minimise the effects of mal de mer?There have been many surveies of the medicines that could be used to pull off gestures sickness. This paper will look at the 1s that are available in Canada. Of note one of the more studied[ 1 ]( 13 ) ( 14 ) ( 15 ) is dextroamphetamine ( used for terrible symptoms ) and it is non indicated for usage i n the direction of gesture illness but shows a batch of promise for terrible symptoms. one field survey on the effectivity of anti-motion illness drugs ( 16 ) found that hyoscine, Antivert, Dramamine, and accupressure in order of effectivity helped riders on a sail from Argentina to the Antarctic Peninsula. Again the exposure was merely 3 yearss but the conditions was terrible ( gale force air currents with 9m crestless waves ) . What medicines are available to battle gesture illness in the CF pharmacopeia? Dimenhydrinate Meclizine Scopalamine Dextroamphetamine Use of scopalamine Schupak et al. , studied the long term effects of transdermic hyoscine ( Transderm-V ) to measure its long term effectivity in the bar of mal de mer ( 17 ) . 68 healthy male crew members age 18 to 20 were given a scopolamine spot eight hours before each seafaring. Two spots were applied per hebdomad with an interval of 24 hours before application of a new spot every 72 hours. Checkups were made every three months over a period of three old ages. The mean seasickness badness ( on a graduated table of 0 to 7 ) after six months at sea prior to the spot was 5.64, as compared to 3.14 station application. Significant betterment was besides found in ego evaluated public presentation at sea while utilizing the spot. Contact dermatitis prevented the usage of transdermic hyoscine in 3 ( 4.4 % ) subjects. The lone other important side consequence was waterlessness of the mucose membranes. The entire figure of yearss the topics had been have oning the spot is non mentioned. The writers concluded that transdermic hyoscine was effectual in the bar of mal de mer and betterment of public presentation at sea during three old ages of followup, everyday application is non complicated either by terrible side effects by public presentation perturbations. How long can you utilize the spot? cite Israeli defense force Singapore navy tests at sea for scop. Use of ondansetron Herskovitz et al. , studied ondansetron for the bar of mal de mer in susceptible crewmans ( 18 ) . 16 voluntaries with normal physical test findings and no old history of interior ear disease or dizziness took portion in a double-blind randomized crossing over survey. The participants practiced computerize public presentation trials until the consequences were stabilized. Ondansetron 8 milligram or placebo was administered two hours before sailing aboard a 500 ton naval vas in mild sea conditions. Participants did public presentation testing and completed a questionnaire measuring their illness symptoms four hours into the ocean trip. The consequence was that there was no statistically important decrease of mal de mer symptoms between the drug intervention and placebo. The decision of this survey is that ondansetron was non found to be good in the intervention of mal de mer.Non medicative interventionsAcupressure and acustimulation Miller and Muth examined the efficaciousness of G-Jo and acustimulation for the bar of gesture illness ( 19 ) . Their survey used the Accubanda„? and ReliefBanda„? G-Jo and acustimulation device to excite the Neiguan ( P6 ) stylostixis point. Their topics were assigned to one of five groups: Accubanda„? trained or untrained ; ReliefBanda„? trained or untrained ; or placebo. Subjects were exposed to 20 min baseline period and 20 min of optokinetic membranophone rotary motion. The untrained topics read the device waies used as they felt appropriate so completed a serviceability analysis after membranophone exposure. Trained topics read the device waies and so were trained to utilize device and so had their exposures. The topic symptoms and stomachic myoelectric activity were monitored during the baseline and membranophone rotary motion periods. There were 77 topics, 19 work forces and 61 adult females, runing from the 18 to 27 old ages of age. In this survey the symptoms of gesture illness and stomachic myoelectric activity increased in all groups taking the research workers to reason that the lone existent difference between conditions was a hold in oncoming of symptoms for ReliefBanda„? compared to Accubanda„? . This survey demonstrated that no G-Jo, acustimulation, or placebo intervention eliminated the symptoms of gesture illness. The ReliefBanda„? while potentially detaining the symptoms would merely be good for short periods of clip if at all. This research was conducted in the lab and non a shipboard environment over an drawn-out period of clip. Bertolucci et Al. conducted in oceangoing survey with a little group of nine voluntaries off the seashore of San Francisco Bay ( 20 ) . Their decision was that gesture illness symptoms were suppressed by the usage of an acustimulation device. His group size was little and needs to be demonstrated with the larger group. Ginger Ergonomic alterations Positioning of watchkeeping Stationss Chair make-up Artificial skylines INTRAVENOUS TherapyDiscussionColwell ( 21 ) identified five â€Å" human factors technology rules † in the direction of gesture illness: â€Å" 1. Locate critical Stationss near the ship ‘s effectual centre of rotary motion ; 2. Minimize caput motions ; 3. Align operators with a rule axis of the ship ‘s hull ; 4. Avoid uniting provocative beginnings ; and 5. Supply and external frame of mention. † Head motion in concurrence with gesture contributes to gesticulate sickness esthesis as can be demonstrated by the surveies performed by Miller ( 19 ) , Cheung et Al ( 22 ) , and others. If this is the instance so more often used proctors and input devices should be placed in forepart of watchkeepers so that vigorous caput motions need non be employed to keep effectual watchkeeping. Besides by adding a high backed chair with a head restraint you have the extra input of the skin centripetal contact of the dorsum of the chair and caput to assist antagonize the nervous input mismatch. If nervous input mismatch contributes significantly to gesture illness symptomology ( 3 ) ( 2 ) it seems that it would be sensible to add stimulations that would assist screen out the â€Å" mismatch † . For illustration, on modern war vessels everything is tied, bolted down, or otherwise secured so that it does non travel. This is to forestall harm or hurt from motion at an inopportune clip such as an detonation or utmost maneuvering. This besides leads to no ocular stimulation of motion for the crew thereby increasing input mismatch. Addition of unreal skylines within the field of vision of the crew has the possible to minimise this consequence. These could be a simple as a twine with a weight on it or a balance beam ( unreal skyline ) with subdued illuming on it. This is an country that could be studied in more deepness The literature on the usage of ginger for gesture illness is mixedas to it ‘s efficaciousness for sickness and â€Å" tummy consciousness † . There does non look to be a good survey that would compare the effectivity of ginger on the type of terrible, long term exposure to gesture that would formalize ginger as an effectual gesture illness counterpoison for naval personel. It would be interesting to set together a proper test in a realistic environment and set this issue to rest for naval forces. Decision Seasickness and related gesture provoked unwellness are a complicated issue that requires effectual direction in the face of assorted gender, multi-ethnic, little crew sizes on modern Canadian war vessels. Seasickness has been looked at extensively in the context of comparatively short exposures both on land in the lab environment, and at sea. More work remains to be done on the fol: gather grounds of efficaciousness of medicines used to pull off MSickness in the field. gather grounds of efficaciousness of desensitisation as a direction tool in the field Expression at the efficaciousness of unreal skylines in work Stationss. Given the grounds presented in the literature, it is likely that the undermentioned protocol would be an effectual program to pull off a patient with mal de mer on a naval ship: a. patient nowadayss with known gesture illness history. 1 usage gravol xx milligram twenty hours prior to exposure. keep Mild moderate terrible Management of mal de mer demands to take into history the sea province, the length of the needed exposure to gesture, the badness of unwellness in the patient and the occupations they are required to execute as portion of their responsibilities at sea. Pharmaceutical direction of mal de mer demands to include the disposal of an appropriate anti emetic good in progress of exposure when possible, so that the drug is absorbed before the subsequent emesis prevents equal soaking up of medicine to forestall the more terrible symptoms of mal de mer. Figure 1 lists the medicines available to practicians in the CF. Combination of medicine is indicated when one medicine entirely fails to command symptoms adequately. The hyoscine readyings are the â€Å" standard † by which most anti gesture illness medicines are evaluated against. Most surveies involved in measuring medicines for forestalling seasickness include a scopolamine readying of some kind. Scopolamine spots used by the Canadian Forces need to be applied right and proper manus rinsing completed after application to forestall inadvertent contact with conjunctiva and the end point blurry vision and uncomfortableness to the patient. Scopolamine spots may be used efficaciously for long periods of clip ( 17 ) ( 23 ) but should be discontinued when possible to let the patient to use to gesture. When utilizing spots for long periods of clip it is sensible to wait 24hrs before using a new spot ( 17 ) and sites should be rotated between L and R mastoid procedure. More research is required to measure direction of gesture illness with respect to assorted gender, multi-ethnic crews, with long gesture exposures on naval ships. The bulk of information in the literature associating to female mal de mer is based on retrospective questionnaire based surveies of sail ship riders on reasonably short sails. It would be interesting and valuable to look at a survey of the impact of mal de mer on job/mission public presentation of the smaller Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel ( MCDV ) Fleets and the larger Patrol Frigates ( CPF ) and Destroyer Fleets on both seashores now that the crews of all these fleets are much more diverse than the last clip this was looked at by Colwell in 1989 ( 21 ) .How does Mal de debarquement syndrome tantrum into the gesture illness spectrum?Cha ( 4 ) , and Parker ( 5 ) took a retrospective expression at instances of MdD in an effort to quantify its natual history and clinical characteristics ( 4 ) and suggest a class of intervention to get down with ( 5 ) . Notes: Cha ( 4 ) – 64 patients in the survey – basically normal test and trials -boat travel the most common trigger ( 81 % of instances looked at ) -median age at first onslaught was 38yo and 75 % were female–Figure 1: Drugs available in CF H Svc Formulary ( 7 ) shown to be effecive in the direction of Motion Sickness. Drug Drug Identification Number ( DIN ) Time interval required prior to exposure Recommended dosage Dose frequence Notes Dose Dextroamphetamine[ 2 ] 5mg 00001924516 1-2 hour 5-10 milligram q 4-6 H Particular mandate required through CFDEC[ 3 ] 10mg 00001924559 15mg 00001924567 Dimenhydrinate 1-2 hour 50-100 milligram q 4-6 H Multiple readyings avail Meclizine 25mg 00220442 2 hour 25-50 milligram q 6-24h When current supply depleted will no longer be available/manufactured for Canada Promethazine 25mg/ml inj 00000575178 1.5 – 2 hour 25 milligram q 4-6 hour 25mg unwritten 00000575178 Scopolamine Patch 1.5mg ( 1 milligram delivered over three yearss ( 24 ) ) 8 hour One spot behind ear Change every 72 hour TransDerm V

Joshua

In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Nicks use of diction and imagery in his language shows that the attendees of the party are not ordinary commoners but extravagant and luxurious people from the upper classes. Nick's uses of diction shows the high class of the people at the party. For example, when Nick first sees Myrtle's sister, Catherine, he describes that she is a â€Å"slender, worldly girl†. He thinks that, unlike other average women, Catherine is special and unique.By saying she is â€Å"worldly,† he implies that she is above other women. In addition, when Nick begins to describe Mr.. McKee, Nick says that he is, â€Å"most respectful in his greeting to everyone In the room. † Nick believes that Mr.. Emcee's manners are similar to that of a person from high society. People from the upper classes tend to be more respectful and mannerly compared to those from the lower classes. Another example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was In the,  "artistic game,† and that he, â€Å"photographed [Mrs..McKee] a hundred and twenty- even times since they had been married. † This leads Nick to believe that Mr.. And Mrs.. McKee were most likely from the upper classes rather than the lower or common classes. Not many people In those times had the time and luxury to take many photographs of their wives since they all had to work many hours. By using diction, Nick shows the luxury and extravagance of the people attending the party. Nick does not only use diction In his language, but also Imagery to support his belief that the people at the party were not from a common class, but from an upper class.For example, when Catherine moves around the room, Nick begins to realize, â€Å"an Incessant clicking as Innumerable pottery bracelets Jingled up and down upon her arm. † Catherine was wealthy enough to afford lots of Jewelry, meaning that she must be from a high class since people from the lower classes were not able to afford such Jewelry. Nick used Imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had In order to show her wealth and luxury. In Dalton, when Mrs.. McKee compliments Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"SLP[s] It on moieties when [she doesn't] care what [she] look[s] like. Even when she Is not trying to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willow's clothing Is respectable and beautiful. She has at least some wealth since people were able to acknowledge her luxury even when she was not trying to show It. Imagery Is used In Nick's language to describe the wealth of the attendees and to prove that they are not from the lower classes. Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using Dalton and Imagery In his language. By showing their luxury and polite manner, he describes them as economically stable and wealthy and extravagant.Joshua By schoolhouses Nicks uses of diction shows the high class of the people at the party. For example, respectful in his greeting to everyone in the room. † Nick believes that Mr.. Emcee's classes. Another example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was in common classes. Not many people in those times had the time and luxury to take Nick does not only use diction in his language, but also imagery to support his â€Å"an incessant clicking as innumerable pottery bracelets Jingled up and down upon such Jewelry.Nick used imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had in order to show her wealth and luxury. In addition, when Mrs.. McKee compliments Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"slip[s] it on sometimes when [she doesn't] care what [she] look[s] like. † Even when she is not trying to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willow's clothing is respectable and beautiful. When she was not trying to show it. Imagery is used in Nicks language to describe Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using diction and imagery in his