Effectiveness of self instructional module in immunizations

Effectiveness of self instructional module in immunizationsAbstract immunisation is the one of the most signifi foott and cost effective strategies for the prevention of childhood sicknesses and disabilities and it is a basic motive for all children. Seven killer diseases sweats a major threat to children and this decreases the wellness situation and making them more(pre noinal) vulnerable to infectious disease. The major cause for death is vaccinum preventable diseases such as neonatal tetanus, morbilli, TB, diphtheria, pertusis, acute anterior poliomyelitis and Hepatitis B. Infectious diseases are promptly the worlds biggest killer of children and young adults. They account for more than 13 million deaths a year one in 2 deaths in developing countries. The present pick out objective was to evaluate the intensity of self instructional module. The Pre- experimental one root pre run and office staff screen out design was traceed. The specimen of snow develops of below-five children selected by convenient consume technique. A structured intimacy questionnaire was adopted to collect the development from the samples. descriptive and inferential statistics was employ in data analysis. The result of test shown that at that place was significant difference in the entail denounce test score. The findings reveals that pre test and state of affairs test mean knowledge of mformer(a)s of under-five children regarding vaccinum preventable diseases is 8.5(SD+3.95) and 16.33(SD+4.79) respectively. convey test mean knowledge score high than pre test mean score. Thet test nurse was 12.54 which was significant at 0.05 level. Hence it is think that the self instructional module was effective to increase the knowledge of mothers of under five children. This find out recommends that similar see can be undertaken on large sample to generalize the findings. Study can be do to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses regarding vac cine preventable diseases.Keywords Self instructional module, knowledge, vaccine preventable diseases, mothers of under- five children.I. IntroductionChildren are fortunately macrocosm recognized as people in their own right with their special(a) requirements. Quality survival of the human race depends on provision of adopt care to his vulnerable population in their formative and developmental lifetime years. Therefore Health services for children should be aimed at improving the incoming quality of human resources of thenation by enabling as galore(postnominal) children as possible to reach adulthood with their potential uncompromised by illness, environmental hazards, or unhealthy lifestyle. According to WHO Health is a state of fill out physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely absence of disease or infirmity In India diseases like guinea worm, small pox has been eradicated since 1947 and now poliomyelitis is near to eradicate. In developed countries like in Ind ia 68 out of 1000 under-five children were dying each year and another 5 million were disabled by infectious diseases. The vaccination of children against infectious diseases (tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles and hepatitis B) has been a cornerstone of the child health care system in India. As a part of the National Health Policy, the National Immunization Programme is has been implemented on a priority basis. Awareness create about immunization of children, who are under five years of age, provides a sense of responsibility towards the need of the children and their protection. The involvement of mothers in immunization political program help in reduces seven killer diseases. Those mothers who are living in tribal and cracker-barrel areas mainly ignore the immunization and they do not vaccinate their children. Some mothers have misconception about immunization and they believe their children can catch diseases if they immunize their children. To prevent seven killer diseases it is necessary to concealing every child for immunization, reportage opportunities otherwise full immunization insurance coverage may not be possible. Delayed immunization is associated with low socio-economic status, womanish illiteracy, lack of knowledge on Vaccine Preventable Diseases as recommended by Universal Programme Immunization (UPI).II. Review of literatureA proportional study was conducted to estimate the vaccination coverage level of children aged among 19-35 months living in rural and urban area in Kolar partition of Bangalore. The result of study revealed that Statistically significant differences in vaccination coverage levels amidst the rural population and their urban counterparts were determined for individual vaccines and vaccine series as evidenced by 28% of the children were covered by immunization residing in rural areas whereas 46% were covered in urban area. The study recommended that health care violence need to execu te the sensory faculty among the needy population of the Kolar District.A study was conducted upon improving status of underfive children done awareness and knowledge of mothers regarding vaccine preventable diseases through health genteelness messages and compare them with those without intervention. An increase of 19 % to 22 % increase was seen in the workout of vaccination. The mothers knowledge increased in the follow up from 60 % to 76.5% and the immunization status increased significantly from 46.5% to 75 % after the intervention. The surveys show that the health education messages significantly increased the vaccination status of children of under five years.A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of caretakers of underfive children in a pulse polio immunization booth in the Delhi. A semi open-ended questionnaire was used. Study results showed that Only 252 (37.0%) respondent correctly answered, 176 (25.8%) gave a wrong answer while the remaining 37.2% gave no answe r. While 268 (39.3%) knew at least of four diseases covered by universal immunization programme, only if 23.9% knew all four diseases. The researcher concluded that immunization status necessitate to be improved by educating mothers and caregivers regarding immunization.A quasi experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) among 50 mothers of underfive children in selected paediatric hospital, Pondicherry. A closed ended questionnaire was used to collect the data followed by intervention of STP. The study finding shows that the post-test knowledge score (22.73) was higher than the pre-test knowledge score (12.78). The study claimed that STP is effective to enhance mothers mother knowledge regarding the importance of immunization. The study recommended that nursing personnel should continue in health teaching approach especially to the health problems which can be prevented.III. Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self instructional module regarding vaccine preventable diseases among the mothers of under-five children this is achieved by one group pre and post test knowledge score obtained by the subjects under the study. This study also obtaining answer to research hypothesis.IV. MethodologyA Pre- experimental research design with one group pre test and post test design, to measure the effectiveness of self instructional module. The study was conducted at selected areas in Tarn Taran. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect data. Part-I Socio demographic variables. This part is consist of variables such as age, educational status of mothers, type of family, occupation, religion, family monthly income, no. of children and source of information. Part-II Structured knowledge Questionnaire It consists 36 items of objective type questions related to knowledge on vaccine preventable diseases. Each item contains four alternative responses. The knowledge questions are chosen from seven common vaccine preventable diseases likely, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Measles, Polio, Tetanus, Whooping cough and Hepatitis B. whole the items were given equal score. Each correct answer was given a score of 1 and wrong answers a score of 0. Thus uttermost score was 36 and minimum score was zero. The questionnaire was prepared in side and Punjabi languages. Reliability of an instrument is the degree of consistency with which it measures the attribute it is designed to measure.The dependableness of the tool was assessed by collecting data from 10 mothers of under-five children from selected areas in Tarn Taran. The dependability of structured knowledge questionnaire was computed by Split half method i.e by calculating co-efficient correlation first and then by applying Spearman Brown soothsaying formula. The reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire was 0.96 and thus found to be highly reliable. Ethical clearance had been obtained from ethical committee, prior permission for conducting the research was obtained from municipal Corporation of District Tarn Taran and informed consent was taken from mothers of under-five children. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.V. Data AnalysisSection A Analysis of Socio -demographic characteristics of the samples put back 1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Demographic VariablesTable no.1 indicates the Majority of subjects 37% are in the age group of 21-25 years, about 25% were in the age group of 30 years. astir(predicate) 36% mothers were secondary educated, 24% were primary educated and minimum no. 20% were Graduate and another 20% respondents were of post-Graduate. Majority of subjects 30% were ingleside wife, 26% were non-government employee, 24% were government and 20% mothers were self employee. About half of respondents were 47 % belong to Sikh religion, 32% were of Hin du, 14% mothers were Christian and 7% were belong to other religion. Majority of mothers 60% were belong to nuclear family and other 40% belong to joint family. 38% subjects were in the family income group of 15000. 26% were in the group of 10000-15000, 20 % were comes under the group of 5000-10000 and minimum enumerate of subjects 16% belongs SECTION B To assess the level of knowledge regarding vaccine preventable diseases among the mother of under five children before and after self instructional module administration.Table 2(a)Grading the knowledge of samples regarding vaccine preventable diseases in pre-test.N=100The above table 2(a) shows that most of the of samples 76% had in adapted knowledge, 24% of samples had moderately adequate knowledge regarding vaccine preventable diseases and there was no adequate knowledge samples regarding vaccine preventable diseases.Table 2(B) Grading Of intimacy Regarding Vaccine Preventable Diseases Among Mothers Of Under-Five Children In blo t Test N = 100Table 2(b) shows that most of the samples 67% had moderately adequate knowledge, 16% of samples had adequate knowledge and 17% of samples had inadequate knowledge regarding vaccine preventable diseases in post-test.SECTION C Table 3 Mean and standard difference of pre test and post test knowledge regarding vaccine preventable diseases among samples.Table 3 shows that mean score of pre test and post test of samples regarding vaccine preventable diseases is 8.55(SD + 3.95) and 16.33 (SD + 4.79) respectively. Post test mean score was higher than the pre test mean scores thet test value is 12.54 which was significant at 0.05 level as (p0.05).SECTION D Association Between The Post Test Knowledge Sores And Selected Socio Demographic VariablesTABLE-4 Analysis of Association between the post test knowledge sores and with selected socio demographic variablesTable 4 shows that the association between post test knowledge score and socio- demographic variables such as education, occupation, no. of children and type of family of mothers of under-five children found significant as calculated value greater than table values at the level of (0.05). The association between knowledge score and the socio- demographic variables score of mothers, religion, family monthly income and source of information found non significant as the calculated value is less than the tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance.VI. Limitation and Research NeededThe size of the sample was 100 hence it was difficult to make broad generalizations. No campaign was made to control extraneous variables.This study recommends the following further research. The study can be replicated on large samples for wider generalization Comparative study can be done on knowledge among urban and rural mothers regarding vaccine preventable diseases. Study can be done on the knowledge of health personnel regarding vaccine preventable diseases. A study can be done to assess the knowledge, attitude and pra ctice of nurses regarding vaccine preventable diseases.VII. ConclusionAs good health is very of the essence(predicate) for each individual and knowledge regarding v